In pre-tensioned concrete, the prestressing is attained through the use of metal or polymer tendons or bars which have been subjected to the tensile drive just before casting, or for put up-tensioned concrete, after casting.

[116] Even though insulation cuts down Power decline throughout the developing envelope, thermal mass makes use of partitions to shop and release Electricity. Modern-day concrete wall techniques use the two exterior insulation and thermal mass to generate an Electrical power-productive developing. Insulating concrete varieties (ICFs) are hollow blocks or panels made from possibly insulating foam or rastra which can be stacked to variety the shape from the walls of the building and afterwards filled with reinforced concrete to produce the structure.

Air entraining agents increase and entrain small air bubbles inside the concrete, which minimizes problems throughout freeze-thaw cycles, expanding durability. Having said that, entrained air involves a tradeoff with strength, as Each individual 1% of air may perhaps lower compressive strength by 5%.

Prestressed concrete is dependent on steel tendons & cables which can be stretched inside the concrete both prior to or once the concrete is cast.

Reduced concrete protect. Unbonded tendons might permit some reduction in concrete ingredient thickness, as their more compact size and enhanced corrosion protection may possibly permit them being positioned nearer towards the concrete surface area.[2]: 8 

Underwater bagwork is definitely the manual placement by divers of woven fabric luggage that contains dry combine, accompanied by piercing the luggage with metal rebar pins to tie the bags with each other just after each and every two or 3 levels, and develop a route for hydration to induce curing, which can generally acquire about 6 to 12 hrs for First hardening and total hardening by the following day. Bagwork concrete will frequently achieve whole energy within just 28 times.

Anchorages at Every stop on the tendon transfer the tensioning drive to your concrete, and therefore are here needed to reliably carry out this position for that lifetime of the structure.[10]: 1 

Vinyl flooring is extremely drinking water-resistant and gained’t maintain damage whether or not drinking water sits about the surface for an extended period of time. Made up of plastic, it’s out there in plank, tile and sheet sort.

An early example at Hoover Dam used a network of pipes between vertical concrete placements to flow into cooling water during the curing course of action to stay away from damaging overheating. Very similar programs remain utilised; based upon quantity of the pour, the concrete blend used, and ambient air temperature, the cooling approach may perhaps previous For lots of months after the concrete is placed. A variety of methods are also used to pre-interesting the concrete blend in mass concrete structures.[126]

Heavily loaded concrete floor slabs and pavements can be delicate to cracking and subsequent site visitors-driven deterioration. Subsequently, prestressed concrete is often used in these kinds of structures as its pre-compression delivers the concrete with the opportunity to resist the crack-inducing tensile stresses produced by in-service loading. This crack resistance also will allow particular person slab sections to get made in greater pours than for conventionally bolstered concrete, resulting in wider joint spacings, minimized jointing fees and less prolonged-expression joint routine maintenance issues.

Through a chemical reaction known as hydration, the paste here hardens and gains strength to sort the rock-like mass called concrete.

Volcanic concrete substitutes volcanic rock with the limestone that may be burned to sort clinker. It consumes the same number of Electricity, but does circuitously emit carbon being a byproduct.[100] Volcanic rock/ash are applied as supplementary cementitious supplies in concrete to Enhance the resistance to sulfate, chloride and alkali silica response due to pore refinement.

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Concrete surfaces are cured by sprinkling with h2o fog, or by making use of humidity-retaining fabrics including burlap or cotton mats. Other curing solutions protect against evaporation in the water by sealing the floor with plastic or Specific sprays referred here to as curing compounds.